Sulphur Compounds — Thiosulfinates

A natural sulphur compound produced when fresh garlic is crushed that supports heart and immune health.

Fatty Acids — Omega-3

An essential plant omega-3 fatty acid that supports heart, brain and overall health.

Polyphenols — Flavonoids

Natural blue, purple and red plant pigments that help support heart, brain and blood vessel health.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Alkaloids

Unique oat polyphenols that support cardiovascular health and healthy inflammatory balance.

Carotenoids — Carotenes

An orange plant pigment that the body converts into vitamin A when needed.

Dietary Fibre — Soluble Fibre

A natural soluble fibre found mainly in oats and barley that supports heart, digestive and metabolic health.

Phytosterols — Sterols

A naturally occurring plant sterol that helps support healthy cholesterol levels.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A naturally occurring compound, especially concentrated in beetroot, that supports healthy liver function and methylation.

Functional Compounds — Methylxanthines

A naturally occurring stimulant found in coffee, tea, guarana and yerba mate that supports alertness and mental performance.

Phytosterols — Sterols

A naturally occurring plant sterol that contributes to healthy cholesterol balance.

Polyphenols — Flavanols

Natural tea and cocoa compounds that support cardiovascular health and antioxidant protection.

Dietary Fibre — Insoluble Fibre

An insoluble plant fibre that supports healthy digestion and regular bowel function.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Acids

A plant polyphenol that supports healthy glucose metabolism and antioxidant protection.

Functional Compounds — Methyl Donors

An essential, vitamin-like nutrient concentrated in egg yolks and organ meats that the body uses to build cell membranes and support liver and brain function.

Functional Compounds — Quinones

A naturally occurring compound involved in cellular energy production and antioxidant defence.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A naturally occurring compound that supports muscular performance, brain function and cellular energy production.

Functional Compounds — Curcuminoids

The principal active compound in turmeric that supports healthy inflammatory balance and antioxidant protection.

Functional Compounds — Nitrogen Compounds

A naturally occurring dietary nitrate that can contribute to nitric oxide production and healthy vascular function.

Fatty Acids — Omega-3

A marine omega-3 fatty acid that is an important structural component of the brain and retina.

Fatty Acids — Omega-3

A marine omega-3 fatty acid that supports cardiovascular, brain and inflammatory health.

Polyphenols — Flavanols

A cocoa and tea flavanol associated with healthy circulation and muscle function.

Polyphenols — Flavanols

The principal and most extensively studied catechin in green tea, supporting antioxidant and cardiovascular health.

Gut Health

Feeds the beneficial bacteria that live in the gut.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Acids

A wholegrain-bran antioxidant compound that helps protect cells from everyday oxidative stress.

Dietary Fibre — Prebiotic Fibre

Short-chain prebiotic fibres that nourish beneficial gut bacteria and support digestive health.

Dietary Fibre — Prebiotic Fibre

Prebiotic fibres that support beneficial gut bacteria, digestive health and immune function.

Functional Compounds — Phenolic Ketones

The principal active compound in fresh ginger that supports digestion and healthy inflammatory balance.

Sulphur Compounds — Glucosinolates

A naturally occurring compound in broccoli that is converted into sulforaphane during food preparation.

Dietary Fibre — Viscous Soluble Fibre

A thick, gel-forming soluble fibre from the guar (cluster bean) seed that slows digestion and supports healthy cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

Polyphenols — Flavanones

A citrus flavonoid that supports healthy circulation and blood vessel function.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Alcohols

A phenolic compound associated particularly with olives and olive-derived foods.

Gut Health

Helps support regular bowel movements.

Dietary Fibre — Prebiotic Fibre

A natural prebiotic fibre that feeds beneficial gut bacteria and supports digestive wellbeing.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acids

A conditionally essential amino acid that serves as a substrate for nitric oxide synthesis.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acids

A non-proteinogenic amino acid that participates in arginine metabolism and nitric oxide production.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acids

A calming amino acid found almost exclusively in tea that supports relaxed alertness and healthy stress response.

Polyphenols — Lignans

A group of plant polyphenols found mainly in seeds that support gut health, cardiovascular health and healthy hormone metabolism.

Fatty Acids — Omega-6

An essential omega-6 fatty acid required for healthy cell membranes and normal growth.

Carotenoids — Xanthophylls

A yellow plant pigment that supports healthy vision and protects the eyes from oxidative stress.

Carotenoids — Carotenes

A bright red plant pigment found mainly in tomatoes that supports heart and prostate health.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A cooling mint compound that supports digestive comfort and respiratory wellbeing.

Oxidative Stress

Helps neutralise unstable molecules (free radicals) that can damage cells.

Fatty Acids — Monounsaturated

The principal healthy fat found in olive oil, avocados and many nuts.

Dietary Fibre — Soluble Fibre

A fruit fibre that helps support healthy digestion, beneficial gut bacteria and cholesterol balance.

Functional Compounds — Alkaloids

The natural compound in black pepper that improves absorption of several nutrients.

Dietary Fibre — Viscous Soluble Fibre

A highly viscous soluble fibre derived from psyllium husk.

Polyphenols — Flavonols

A widely distributed plant flavonoid that supports healthy inflammation responses and cardiovascular health.

Gut Health

Helps reduce everyday digestive discomfort.

Glucose Regulation

Helps reduce the blood sugar spike after eating.

Dietary Fibre — Fermentable Fibre

A special form of starch that behaves like fibre and supports digestive and metabolic health.

Polyphenols — Phytoestrogens

Plant compounds in soy that can be metabolised by gut bacteria, including conversion of daidzein to equol in people with equol-producing microbiota.

Sulphur Compounds — Isothiocyanates

A powerful plant compound from broccoli and related vegetables that activates the body's natural defence systems.

Hormonal Function

Helps support healthy adrenal gland function.

This mechanism represents support for normal adrenal gland function and the everyday stress response. It is not a claim to treat adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease, or any diagnosed adrenal condition.

Immune Function

Helps support the body's natural defences against viruses.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps support the body's natural bone renewal process.

Oxidative Stress

Helps cells repair everyday wear and damage.

Brain Function

Helps maintain healthy blood flow to the brain.

Brain Function

Helps support healthy brain function over time.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps the body produce collagen, a key structural protein.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps keep connective tissue, like tendons and ligaments, strong.

Electrolyte Balance

Electrolytes help keep the right balance of water inside and around your cells.

Detoxification

Helps the body produce and recycle glutathione, its main natural detox molecule.

Glucose Regulation

Helps keep blood sugar levels steady.

Glucose Regulation

Helps the body store energy as glycogen for later use.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps support strong bones, muscles and joints as part of healthy ageing.

Vascular Function

Helps blood flow more easily around the body.

Gut Health

Helps maintain a healthy acid balance in the gut.

Immune Function

Helps keep the body's inflammatory response balanced.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps keep the different types of cholesterol-carrying particles in a healthy balance.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps keep blood fat (triglyceride) levels in a healthy range.

Detoxification

Helps protect liver cells while the liver performs detoxification.

Methylation Metabolism

B vitamins help your body process and recycle an amino acid called homocysteine through its normal metabolic pathway.

Describes normal one-carbon/methylation metabolism; not a claim of reduced cardiovascular or cognitive disease risk.

Hormonal Function

Helps keep the body's hormones in overall balance.

This mechanism represents support for the body's normal overall hormonal balance. It is not a claim to treat a hormonal disorder or replace hormone therapy.

Immune Function

Helps immune cells communicate with each other effectively.

Immune Function

Helps support a resilient, well-functioning immune system.

Micronutrient Transport & Cofactor Function

Iron helps your blood pick up and carry oxygen around your body.

Describes normal iron transport physiology; not intended to imply diagnosis, prevention or treatment of anaemia or iron-deficiency conditions.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps lower LDL, often called 'bad' cholesterol.

Oxidative Stress

Helps protect the energy-producing parts of cells.

Brain Function

Helps support healthy nervous system function overall.

Detoxification

Helps the liver make toxins water-soluble so they can be removed safely.

Dermatological Function

Helps skin renew itself at a healthy pace and maintain its normal structure.

This reflects normal skin-cell-turnover physiology (EFSA-authorised claims for vitamin A and zinc's maintenance of normal skin) and does not address diagnosed skin conditions such as acne, eczema or psoriasis, and is not an anti-ageing or cosmetic-transformation claim.

Hormonal Function

Helps support healthy thyroid function.

This mechanism represents support for normal thyroid function. It is not a claim to treat thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, or to replace thyroid medication.

Vascular Function

Helps keep blood vessels flexible and responsive.

Vascular Function

Helps the body repair and maintain blood vessel walls.

Micronutrient Transport & Cofactor Function

Zinc acts as a helper molecule that switches on hundreds of enzymes your body relies on for everyday metabolism.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A sulphur-containing amino acid derivative that supports cardiovascular, muscular and neurological function.

Carotenoids — Xanthophylls

A carotenoid that works alongside lutein to support healthy eyesight and retinal protection.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A unique amino acid found almost exclusively in fenugreek seed, studied for supporting healthy insulin response.

Functional Compounds — Phenolic Ketones

A pungent compound in grains of paradise, related to ginger's gingerol, studied for supporting energy expenditure.

Polyphenols — Phytoestrogens

A plant compound found almost exclusively in hops, recognised as one of the most potent plant oestrogen-like compounds identified, studied mainly in relation to menopausal wellbeing.

Functional Compounds — Organic Acids

The main active compound in vinegar, shown in studies to modestly reduce blood sugar spikes after carbohydrate-containing meals.

Oxidative Stress

Helps switch on the body's own natural antioxidant defences.

Dietary Fibre — Viscous Soluble Fibre

The main structural fibre in brown seaweed cell walls, which forms a thick gel in water and is widely used as a natural food thickener.

Sulphur Compounds — Isothiocyanates

The pungent compound behind the sharp heat of mustard, wasabi and horseradish, with documented antimicrobial activity.

Carotenoids — Carotenes

A naturally occurring carotenoid that supports antioxidant protection and vitamin A production.

Functional Compounds — Phenylpropanoids

The naturally sweet, aniseed-flavoured compound found in star anise and related spices, traditionally used to support digestive comfort.

Dietary Fibre — Cereal Fibre

A wholegrain fibre that supports beneficial gut bacteria and healthy glucose metabolism.

Carotenoids — Ketocarotenoids

A deep red marine carotenoid recognised for its exceptionally strong antioxidant activity.

Terpenes — Sesquiterpenes

A peppery-woody aromatic compound found in black pepper and cloves that supports the body's normal inflammatory balance.

Functional Compounds — Plant Pigments

A family of water-soluble pigments characteristic of beetroot and certain other plants.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps remove cholesterol from the body by binding to bile acids in the gut.

Functional Compounds — Proteolytic Enzymes

A mixture of protein-digesting enzymes found in pineapple stems and fruit, best known for helping break down protein and easing digestive discomfort.

Fatty Acids — Short-Chain Fatty Acids

A short-chain fat naturally concentrated in dairy fat, especially butter, that is also the main fuel colon cells use when gut bacteria ferment fibre.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Acids

A family of phenolic acids found prominently in artichoke, including chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acids such as cynarin.

Functional Compounds — Capsaicinoids

The natural compound responsible for the heat of chilli peppers that supports healthy metabolism.

Carotenoids — Ketocarotenoids

The natural red pigment in ripe chilli peppers and paprika that contributes antioxidant activity.

Polyphenols — Diterpenes

A natural antioxidant compound found in rosemary that helps activate the body's own protective antioxidant defences.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A natural compound found in animal muscle that helps buffer acid build-up during intense exercise and acts as an antioxidant within muscle tissue.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A naturally occurring oregano compound that supports healthy microbial balance and antioxidant defence.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

The main aromatic compound in caraway and dill seed, traditionally associated with easing digestive discomfort.

Functional Compounds — Bioactive Peptides

Small protein fragments released from milk casein during digestion that help keep minerals like calcium available for absorption in the gut.

Dietary Fibre — Fungal Fibre

A natural fibre found in the cell walls of mushrooms and mycoprotein foods like Quorn, related to but distinct from the fibre found in oats.

Functional Compounds — Plant Pigments

A water-soluble chlorophyll derivative used in foods and nutritional formulations.

Functional Compounds — Joint Support Compounds

A structural component of cartilage, often paired with glucosamine to support joint health.

Functional Compounds — Phenylpropanoids

The principal active compound in cinnamon that supports healthy blood glucose metabolism and antioxidant protection.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

The lemon-scented compound that gives lemongrass its characteristic aroma, with documented antimicrobial activity.

Functional Compounds — Organic Acids

A natural acid abundant in citrus fruits that, once absorbed, is excreted in urine as citrate - helping keep urinary minerals dissolved.

Fatty Acids — Conjugated Fatty Acids

A naturally occurring fat found in milk and cheese from cows, sheep, goats and buffalo, formed by bacteria in the animal's gut.

Functional Compounds — Nucleoside Analogues

The signature compound found in Cordyceps fungus, studied for supporting cellular energy production and exercise capacity.

Polyphenols — Flavan-3-ol Oligomers

A structurally distinctive form of proanthocyanidin found almost uniquely in cranberries, linked to urinary tract health.

Carotenoids — Carotenoid Glycosides

The compound that gives saffron its vivid golden-red colour, studied for supporting healthy mood and antioxidant defences.

Functional Compounds — Aromatic Aldehydes

The principal aroma compound in cumin seed, with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in laboratory studies.

Functional Compounds — Urinary Tract Compounds

A naturally occurring simple sugar, found in small amounts in cranberries and several other fruits, studied for helping stop certain bacteria from sticking to the urinary tract lining.

Functional Compounds — Pentose Sugars

A five-carbon sugar that forms part of the molecular structure of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

Polyphenols — Phytoestrogens

The second major soy isoflavone, notable because gut bacteria in some people convert it into the more potent compound equol.

Sulphur Compounds — Sulphides

A garlic-derived sulphur compound that supports healthy detoxification and antioxidant protection.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Acids

A berry-derived antioxidant that supports cellular protection and healthy inflammatory balance.

Polyphenols — Ellagitannins

The parent polyphenols in pomegranate, walnuts and berries that break down into ellagic acid, and further, into gut-bacteria-made urolithins.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A unique antioxidant amino acid that mushrooms are especially rich in, sometimes called the 'longevity vitamin' because the body actively collects and stores it in stressed tissues.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A fresh, camphor-like aromatic compound found in bay leaves and other culinary spices, traditionally associated with easy breathing.

Functional Compounds — Phenylpropanoids

A warm, clove-like aromatic compound found in tulsi, cloves and several culinary herbs, valued for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Polyphenols — Flavonols

A flavonoid found particularly in strawberries that supports antioxidant protection and healthy cellular ageing.

Dietary Fibre — Sulfated Polysaccharides

A sticky, gel-forming fibre unique to brown seaweeds that is being studied for how it interacts with the immune system.

Carotenoids — Xanthophylls

A brown-pigment carotenoid unique to brown seaweeds and algae, studied for antioxidant and metabolic effects.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

GABA is a calming compound naturally produced by bacteria and fungi during fermentation that may support a relaxed nervous system.

Fatty Acids — Omega-6

A type of omega-6 fat found in a small number of seed oils that the body converts into signalling molecules involved in normal inflammatory balance.

Functional Compounds — Steryl Ferulates

A natural compound found almost exclusively in rice bran oil that combines plant-sterol and antioxidant properties.

Polyphenols — Phytoestrogens

The most abundant individual isoflavone in soy, studied separately from the general soy isoflavone group for its distinct hormonal and bone-related actions.

Functional Compounds — Adaptogenic Compounds

The characteristic active compounds of Korean/Panax ginseng root, traditionally used to support energy and mental alertness.

Dietary Fibre — Viscous Soluble Fibre

The near-total soluble fibre that makes up konjac, forming a thick gel in the digestive tract.

Functional Compounds — Joint Support Compounds

A natural component of joint cartilage, commonly taken to support joint comfort and mobility.

Dietary Fibre — Mixed Fibre

A naturally occurring plant fibre that supports digestive health and a healthy gut microbiome.

Functional Compounds — Structural Polysaccharides

A naturally occurring polysaccharide found in skin and joint fluid that holds water and supports hydration and joint cushioning.

Functional Compounds — Structural Proteins

Collagen protein broken down into small, easily absorbed peptides that support skin, hair, nail, joint and connective tissue health.

Glucose Regulation

Helps the body respond to insulin more effectively.

Glucose Regulation

Helps you feel fuller for longer after eating.

Gut Health

Helps gut bacteria produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids.

Sulphur Compounds — Glucosinolates

A compound formed from cruciferous vegetables that supports the body's natural detoxification processes.

Polyphenols — Flavonols

A flavonoid found in leafy greens and vegetables that supports healthy cellular protection.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A compound, especially concentrated in red meat and heart, that shuttles fat into cells' energy-producing mitochondria.

Sulphur Compounds — Sulfur Amino Acids

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is a major structural building block of hair and nail keratin.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acids

A conditionally essential amino acid involved in nitrogen transport and cellular metabolism.

Fatty Acids — Medium-Chain Saturated

A saturated fat found mainly in coconut that the body processes differently from most other fats, using it quickly for energy rather than storing it, and which is also studied for natural antimicrobial properties.

Dietary Fibre — Insoluble Fibre

A structural plant compound that contributes to healthy bowel function and digestive wellbeing.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A citrus terpene that supports healthy digestion and antioxidant defence.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A floral, citrus-like monoterpene found in coriander seed and many aromatic herbs, associated with a calming effect.

Functional Compounds — Live Cultures

Beneficial live bacteria found in fermented dairy foods like kefir, live yogurt-style drinks and cultured buttermilk that can support a healthy gut.

Functional Compounds — Antimicrobial Proteins

A natural enzyme in raw egg white that can break down the outer walls of certain bacteria.

Fatty Acids — Medium-Chain

A group of fats with shorter carbon chains than most dietary fats, absorbed and used for quick energy more readily than typical long-chain fats.

Functional Compounds — Indoleamines

A naturally occurring compound found in small amounts in certain foods that supports healthy sleep regulation.

Functional Compounds — Joint Support Compounds

A naturally occurring sulfur compound often used alongside glucosamine and chondroitin for joint comfort.

Polyphenols — Flavanones

A citrus polyphenol that supports metabolic health and antioxidant defence.

Polyphenols — Flavanones

The bitter-tasting glycoside in grapefruit that your gut converts into naringenin, and the compound behind grapefruit's well-known drug interactions.

Functional Compounds — Proteolytic Enzymes

Nattokinase is an enzyme unique to natto that helps break down fibrin, a protein involved in blood clot structure, supporting normal blood flow.

Polyphenols — Secoiridoids

A characteristic olive polyphenol found especially in olive leaves and unripe olives.

Fatty Acids — Omega-7

A less common fat found in a handful of foods like sea buckthorn that researchers have studied for its role in normal fat and blood sugar handling.

Functional Compounds — Proteolytic Enzymes

A protein-digesting enzyme papaya is famous for, most concentrated in the fruit's latex and unripe flesh.

Functional Compounds — Enzyme Inhibitors

A natural protein from white kidney beans that blocks the enzyme the body uses to digest starch.

Functional Compounds — Phycobiliproteins

A blue phycobiliprotein pigment characteristic of spirulina and other cyanobacteria.

Polyphenols — Stilbenes

A resveratrol-related plant compound concentrated in passion fruit seeds, being studied for how it supports blood vessel and metabolic health.

Fatty Acids — Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids

A distinctive fat found almost exclusively in pine nuts that may help you feel fuller for longer after eating.

Functional Compounds — Sphingolipids

Plant-based fats that resemble the natural lipids holding skin's outer barrier together.

Polyphenols — Flavan-3-ol Oligomers

A family of flavonoid polymers found particularly in grape skins, seeds and other plant foods.

Oxidative Stress

Helps protect the outer membrane of cells from damage.

Oxidative Stress

Helps protect proteins in the body from oxidative damage.

Polyphenols — Ellagitannins

The large antioxidant compounds that make pomegranate juice so potent, and the raw material your gut bacteria turn into urolithins.

Fatty Acids — Conjugated Fatty Acids

An unusual polyunsaturated fat found in pomegranate seeds, structurally similar to CLA.

Lipid Metabolism

Reduces how much cholesterol from food gets absorbed into the body.

Oxidative Stress

Helps protect DNA from oxidative damage.

Glucose Regulation

Helps reduce large swings in blood sugar levels.

Oxidative Stress

Helps reduce harmful oxidative damage in the body.

Dietary Fibre — Resistant Fibre

A soluble, slowly digested fibre that reaches the large intestine for microbial fermentation.

Polyphenols — Stilbenes

A natural plant compound best known from grapes that supports healthy ageing and cardiovascular health.

Functional Compounds — Phenylpropanoids

A group of characteristic phenylpropanoid glycosides found in Rhodiola rosea root.

Polyphenols — Phenolic Acids

A polyphenol common in mint-family and borage-family herbs that supports the body's natural antioxidant and inflammatory-balance processes.

Polyphenols — Flavonols

A flavonoid glycoside, related to quercetin, found particularly in buckwheat and citrus that supports blood vessel and antioxidant health.

Sulphur Compounds — Cysteine Derivatives

A stable, odourless sulphur compound that builds up in garlic as it slowly ages into black garlic, linked to notably higher antioxidant activity than fresh garlic.

Sulphur Compounds — Sulfoxides

A naturally occurring sulphur compound found in onions and brassica vegetables that supports healthy metabolism.

Functional Compounds — Phenylpropanoid Glycosides

A phenylpropanoid glycoside found in Rhodiola species.

Functional Compounds — Saponins

Natural soap-like plant compounds found in legumes such as chickpeas, soybeans and peas that give aquafaba its egg-white-like foaming ability, and which are being studied for effects on cholesterol and gut bacteria.

Functional Compounds — Lignans

A characteristic lignan found in Schisandra berries.

Functional Compounds — Phenolic Ketones

A bioactive compound formed when ginger is dried or heated that supports antioxidant and inflammatory balance.

Functional Compounds — Flavonolignans

The signature compound complex found in milk thistle seeds, long used traditionally and increasingly studied for supporting liver cell health.

Glucose Regulation

Slows down how quickly sugar from food enters the bloodstream.

Terpenes — Triterpenes

A natural oil compound, especially abundant in olive and camellia (tea seed) oil, with antioxidant properties and a role in the skin's own natural oils.

Phytosterols — Sterols

A naturally occurring plant sterol found in legumes, seeds and vegetable oils that supports healthy cholesterol metabolism.

Immune Function

Helps support the body's targeted, longer-term immune defences.

Respiratory Function

Helps protect the lining of the airways.

Immune Function

Helps support the body's natural defences against harmful microbes.

Brain Function

Helps protect the barrier that shields the brain from harmful substances in the blood.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps the body build strong, well-mineralised bones.

Vascular Function

Helps keep the smallest blood vessels strong and less prone to leaking.

Energy Metabolism

Helps cells produce and use energy efficiently.

Brain Function

Certain nutrients feed the body's natural pathway for making melatonin, the hormone that helps signal night-time.

Describes normal circadian biochemistry; not intended as a claim to treat insomnia or any sleep disorder.

Dermatological Function

Hyaluronic acid helps the deeper layer of skin hold onto water, supporting skin's moisture and plumpness.

Refers to measurable skin hydration/moisture content only, not to wrinkle reduction, anti-ageing outcomes, or treatment of any skin condition.

Gut Health

Helps the body's digestive enzymes work effectively.

Hormonal Function

Helps the body's hormone-producing glands stay resilient under stress.

This mechanism represents support for the endocrine system's normal capacity to adapt to everyday physiological stress. It is not a claim to treat an endocrine disorder or replace medical management of adrenal or thyroid disease.

Vascular Function

Helps keep the inner lining of blood vessels healthy.

Dermatological Function

Essential fatty acids and plant-derived ceramides help maintain the skin's natural barrier, which keeps moisture in.

Describes normal barrier-lipid physiology; this is not a treatment mechanism for eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, or any diagnosed skin condition.

Glucose Regulation

Helps cells take up glucose from the blood for energy.

Gut Health

Helps keep the lining of the gut strong and well-sealed.

Dermatological Function

Helps the body get the nutrients it needs to build strong hair and nails.

This reflects nutrient support for keratin production and does not address hair loss caused by hormonal, genetic or medical conditions such as androgenetic alopecia. If you're experiencing significant or sudden hair thinning, consult a healthcare professional.

Dermatological Function

Copper is needed to produce the pigment that gives hair its natural colour.

This describes copper's established biochemical role in melanin synthesis (low serum copper has been associated with premature hair greying in observational studies). It is not evidence that dietary copper prevents, slows or reverses grey hair in people who are not copper deficient -- hair greying is primarily driven by age-related and genetic factors.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps maintain healthy levels of HDL, often called 'good' cholesterol.

Oxidative Stress

Helps support the body's natural, healthy ageing processes.

Respiratory Function

Helps keep inflammation in the airways balanced.

Respiratory Function

Helps keep the airways responding normally rather than overreacting.

Vascular Function

Helps support healthy blood pressure.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps keep cholesterol levels in a healthy range.

Immune Function

Helps keep the immune system's signalling molecules in balance.

Glucose Regulation

Helps keep energy levels steady throughout the day.

Vascular Function

This describes how the body naturally keeps blood-clot proteins broken down and cleared as part of everyday circulation maintenance.

This reflects support for the body's normal clot-clearing process and should not be read as prevention or treatment of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, stroke or cardiovascular disease; anyone on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication should seek medical advice before using concentrated nattokinase supplements.

Brain Function

Helps support healthy mood.

Vascular Function

Helps keep blood platelets functioning normally.

Renal Function

Helps keep minerals in urine dissolved rather than clumping together.

This mechanism reflects general support for healthy urinary mineral balance through diet. It is not a treatment for kidney stones and does not replace medical management of a diagnosed stone-forming condition.

Hormonal Function

Helps the body produce the hormones it needs.

This mechanism represents support for normal physiological hormone production. It is not a claim to treat a hormonal disorder or replace hormone therapy.

Immune Function

Helps the immune system keep watch for potential threats.

Immune Function

Helps support the body's first line of immune defence.

Hormonal Function

Helps the body's cells respond properly to insulin.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps support healthy, comfortable joints.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps the body burn fat for energy.

Lipid Metabolism

Helps the body move fats and cholesterol around efficiently.

Brain Function

Helps support the brain's ability to form new memories.

Glandular

Supports physiological adaptation during the menopausal transition.

This mechanism represents physiological adaptation during the menopausal transition. It is not a claim to treat menopause, replace hormone therapy, or normalise hormone concentrations.

Brain Function

Helps support focus and mental performance.

Gut Health

Gut bacteria convert bile acids into new forms that act as chemical messengers in the digestive system.

Reflects an active, evolving area of microbiome research; not a claim of clinical effect on any bile-acid-related condition.

Gut Health

Helps support a diverse and healthy population of gut bacteria.

Vascular Function

Helps improve blood flow through the smallest blood vessels.

Gut Health

Helps keep the protective lining of the gut healthy.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps the body build and repair muscle tissue.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps muscles recover after physical activity.

Brain Function

Helps protect brain cells from oxidative damage.

Brain Function

Helps protect brain cells from everyday stress and damage.

Brain Function

Helps the brain produce the chemical messengers it needs to function.

Brain Function

Helps support the growth signals that keep brain cells healthy and adaptable.

Vascular Function

Helps the body produce nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels.

Gut Health

Helps the body absorb nutrients from food effectively.

Hormonal Function

Helps support the healthy processing of oestrogen in the body.

This mechanism represents support for the body's own oestrogen metabolism and clearance pathways. It is not a claim to treat hormonal conditions or alter hormone levels therapeutically.

Glucose Regulation

Helps support healthy pancreas function.

This mechanism represents support for normal pancreatic function in blood glucose regulation. It is not a claim to treat diabetes or any pancreatic disorder, or to replace insulin or other prescribed medication.

Detoxification

Helps the liver begin breaking down toxins and unwanted compounds.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps support physical performance and stamina.

Glandular

Supports the gut-mediated processing of plant compounds with oestrogen-like activity.

This mechanism represents metabolism and bioavailability of dietary phytoestrogens. It is not a claim that phytoestrogens replace endogenous oestrogen, treat menopause, or normalise hormone concentrations.

Oxidative Stress

Helps keep the body's oxidative balance in a healthy range.

Renal Function

Helps protect kidney cells from everyday stress and damage.

Renal Function

Nitrate-rich foods and certain amino acids support healthy blood flow to the kidneys, in the same way they support blood flow elsewhere in the body.

This describes normal vascular physiology applied to renal blood flow and is not evidence for managing chronic kidney disease, hypertension-related kidney damage, or any diagnosed renal condition.

Immune Function

Helps the body properly wind down inflammation once it's no longer needed.

Hormonal Function

Helps support a healthy balance of sex hormones.

This mechanism represents support for normal physiological hormone balance. It is not a claim to treat hormonal disorders or replace hormone therapy.

Dermatological Function

Helps protect skin from everyday UV and environmental stress and supports its natural moisture barrier.

This reflects general antioxidant and skin-barrier support from diet. It is not a substitute for sunscreen or other sun-protection measures, and does not treat a diagnosed skin condition such as eczema, psoriasis or rosacea.

Dermatological Function

Carotenoid-rich foods like tomatoes and carrots can subtly influence natural skin colour and glow.

Refers only to carotenoid-related skin colouration, not to sun protection, tanning, or treatment of pigmentation disorders such as vitiligo or melasma.

Brain Function

Helps the brain form and strengthen new connections.

Joint Health

Some nutrients help keep the fluid inside your joints slippery and cushioning.

Refers to normal joint-lubrication physiology; not a claim to treat osteoarthritis or any joint disease.

Musculoskeletal Function

Helps keep tendons strong and resilient.

Hormonal Function

Helps support the body's natural testosterone production.

This mechanism represents support for normal physiological testosterone production. It is not a claim to treat low testosterone or replace hormone therapy.

Renal Function

Provitamin A carotenoids support the normal renewal of the cells lining the urinary tract, similar to their role in other body linings.

This reflects vitamin A's well-established general role in epithelial tissue maintenance rather than urinary-tract-specific clinical evidence, and must not be read as addressing bladder pathology, dysplasia, or cancer risk.

Renal Function

Helps stop certain bacteria from sticking to the walls of the urinary tract.

Renal Function

Certain cranberry compounds and D-mannose make it physically harder for some bacteria to stick to the lining of the urinary tract.

Describes a physical anti-adhesion mechanism only; this is not evidence of preventing, treating, or reducing the risk of urinary tract infections, and no infection-prevention or treatment claim should be made from it.

Vascular Function

Helps blood vessels stay resilient under everyday stress.

Detoxification

Helps the body remove processed toxins and waste products.

Polyphenols — Flavonoids

Distinctive black tea polyphenols formed during fermentation that support cardiovascular and antioxidant health.

Polyphenols — Tea Polyphenols

The dark-coloured, complex polyphenols that make up most of black tea's polyphenol content, distinct from the smaller theaflavins.

Functional Compounds — Methylxanthines

A natural stimulant compound related to caffeine, found in kola nut and cacao, with a milder and longer-lasting effect.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A thyme-derived terpene that supports normal immune function and antioxidant defence.

Functional Compounds — Quinones

The signature active compound in nigella (black seed), long used in traditional medicine and studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Functional Compounds — Calming Compounds

The characteristic active compound of valerian root, traditionally used to support calm and restful sleep.

Polyphenols — Flavones

A natural plant flavone found notably in mung beans that contributes to their antioxidant activity.

Polyphenols — Xanthones

A distinctive family of antioxidant plant pigments that give mangosteen its reputation as an antioxidant-rich fruit, though most of it sits in the rind rather than the part usually eaten.

Fatty Acids — Hydroxy Fatty Acids

A unique fatty acid found almost exclusively in royal jelly, used to authenticate genuine royal jelly and studied for supporting normal immune cell activity.

Polyphenols — Flavones

A plant flavonoid found in celery seed, parsley and chamomile that contributes to celery's traditional reputation for supporting healthy circulation.

Functional Compounds — Steroidal Glycosides

A group of plant compounds unique to bitter melon that have traditionally been used to support healthy blood sugar, though modern human trial results are inconsistent.

Functional Compounds — Calming Compounds

A flavone found in passionflower, traditionally associated with a calming, sleep-supportive effect.

Functional Compounds — Phytoecdysteroids

A plant steroid found in spinach and quinoa that has attracted sports-nutrition interest for possible muscle-building effects, though the evidence is still early and mixed.

Functional Compounds — Adaptogenic Compounds

A group of plant compounds found in eleuthero (Siberian ginseng) root, traditionally associated with its 'adaptogen' reputation.

Functional Compounds — Mushroom Terpenoids

A family of terpenoid compounds unique to Lion's Mane mushroom, studied for their potential to support nerve growth factor activity and cognitive function.

Functional Compounds — Polyacetylenes

A natural plant compound found in carrots, parsnips, celery and fennel that is being studied for its role in supporting gut and cellular health.

Terpenes — Triterpenes

A group of naturally bitter compounds found in reishi mushroom that give it its traditional reputation, currently the subject of early-stage research.

Dietary Fibre — Sulfated Polysaccharides

A family of gel-forming fibres unique to green seaweeds, including the ulvan in sea lettuce, being studied as a source of fermentable dietary fibre.

Functional Compounds — Alkylamides

The compound responsible for Sichuan pepper's distinctive tingling, numbing sensation.

Functional Compounds — Amino Acid Derivatives

A naturally occurring compound found in unusually high amounts in velvet bean seeds that the body converts into dopamine.

Functional Compounds — Adaptogenic Compounds

Characteristic fatty acid amides found in maca root, associated with maca's traditional energy and vitality benefits.

Polyphenols — Polymethoxyflavones

A flavonoid concentrated in citrus peel rather than the flesh, studied for metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Functional Compounds — Quinones

A trace redox-active compound found in fermented soybeans and some plant foods, of growing interest for cellular energy production.

Dietary Fibre — Sulfated Polysaccharides

A family of gel-forming fibres found only in red seaweeds, including the carrageenan in Irish moss and the porphyran in laver.

Polyphenols — Coumarins

A plant coumarin compound and one of the most studied constituents of noni fruit.

Functional Compounds — Polyamines

A naturally occurring compound, concentrated in aged and fermented foods, that is being studied for its role in supporting the body's own cellular 'clean-up' process as we age.

Renal Function

Some of the same building blocks used for cartilage may also contribute to the protective surface layer of the bladder lining.

Evidence for oral intake reaching or restoring the bladder surface GAG layer is preliminary and indirect (most supporting data relates to direct bladder instillation, not diet); this must not be read as support for treating interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, or any bladder condition.

Dermatological Function

Some plant polyphenols and the compound carnosine may help protect skin's existing collagen from sugar-related damage over time.

This describes a protective biochemical pathway under active research, not an anti-ageing, wrinkle-reduction, or skin-rejuvenation claim, and must not be framed as reversing skin ageing.

Dermatological Function

Nitrate-rich vegetables support healthy blood flow to the scalp, in the same way they support blood flow elsewhere in the body.

This is extrapolated from general vascular physiology rather than scalp- or hair-specific clinical trials, and must not be read as a hair-loss treatment or regrowth claim.

Terpenes — Monoterpenes

A volatile oil compound found in juniper berry, traditionally associated with urinary tract flushing support.

Functional Compounds — Aromatic Aldehydes

The main flavour compound in vanilla, which also has antioxidant activity in laboratory studies.

Polyphenols — Phenylethanoid Glycosides

A distinctive antioxidant polyphenol that gives lemon verbena tea much of its characteristic phytochemical profile.

Functional Compounds — Adaptogenic Compounds

Naturally occurring plant steroid-like compounds found in ashwagandha root, central to its traditional 'adaptogen' reputation.

Functional Compounds — Calming Compounds

A characteristic flavonoid from hop flowers, traditionally associated with hops' calming, sleep-supportive properties.